NO TITLE NEEDED Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

NO TITLE NEEDED - Essay Example Once the diet of the children is not checked, it will result to health problems such as obesity, marasmus,and kwashikor among other nutritional disorders. Nutritional disorders eventually affect the life of the individuals as they will results to body failures and disadvantaged characters (Zoumbaris and Sharon 67). With the help of the various nutritional organizations such as the National Research Council will make it much easier in facilitating the ideas of diet checkup. The government through the campaign propelled by the first lady will be able to reach the many individuals within the different states in the country. Raising the nutritional status of the American citizens is in the rise to promote nutritional suitability for a healthy life. With the support of the nutritional companies, Michelle Obama will be able to reach his target of promoting a healthier eating among the Americans by advocating against taking of junky and fatty foods. The foods tend to be less nutritional henceforth being discouraged from taking them. They also tend to be more likely to cause diseases that might be terminal such as cancer. Excessive taking of the junky foods may also cause nutritional diseases such

Football as an Intramural Essay Example for Free

Football as an Intramural Essay Abstract Intramural sports present a fun way for students to spend their time at school, and provide an excellent opportunity to introduce themselves in the new world of college. Students get the chance to meet new people by playing against them in various sports such as softball, volleyball, and basketball. These sports are also co-ed, meaning that men and women can play on the same teams or against one another. Intramurals is also a great way to improve attendance or boost student’s motivation to improve their grades. However, there is only a select variety of options for sports. Most of the sports would fall under women’s sports, with their being softball over baseball and volleyball over football. There aren’t many options for men to get involved in intramurals with no men’s sports to play. Adding one sport that’s a men’s sport will give men more options in participating in intramurals. The addition of football may be what this school needs to get more people involved in intramural sports at Alexandria Technical and Community College (ATCC). With a chance for more men to participate, and more women to get involved in men’s sports, it’s a sport that cannot fail if the right conditions are met. Too much contact could be an issue, but if it were even touch football (2-hand touch), there wouldn’t be very many problems. Adding football to ATCC intramurals is what this school needs to not only offer more options for students, but to help attendance and boost student motivation to improve grades. It will be beneficial for the school, and fun for the students. 1. 0 Introduction Alexandria Technical and Community College is a great place to get to know other students. One of the ways to meet the students is by joining their intramural sports and getting on teams that compete against the other teams of the school. 1. 1 Problem With having intramural sports comes the privilege of choosing what you want to do with your time. However, there are not many options for intramural sports. There is softball and volleyball, just to name a couple, but not many options for the students. This may be why there are a lot of ATCC students not participating in intramurals. We believe that the addition of one particular sport will attract more students, and that sport is football. 2. 0 Discussion 2. 1 Benefits to ATCC One of the main focuses of ATCC is to get their students involved in the school and the community. One of the ways they stride for this goal is to encourage students to join in intramurals. Our idea is that if football is added to the intramural list, it may bring in more students to participate in intramural sports, and bring more students together. 2. 2 Benefits to Students According to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Proposition 48, students who participate in school activities and sports must maintain a GPA of 2. 0 on a 4. 0 scale [ (Begnaud, 2007) ]. With that being said, this would prove that students who participate in extracurricular activities would have to motivate themselves and push themselves to maintain a high enough GPA to still participate. This motivation would be beneficial to students, and with more students wanting to play football, this would motivate more students to succeed in school. So now the question is, â€Å"How do you know football is a popular sport? † Well, according to studies done by many colleges such as MSU Moorhead, football has been ranked the number one popular sport in the United States [ (Walter) ]. This means that given the choice, football would be the top pick for the majority of the nation. With that being said, if football is added to intramurals then students would choose it for their intramural and would be motivated to do well in school to be able to participate in intramurals. Figure 1. 1 2. 3 Effects on Attendance As was stated in section 2. 1, students would be more likely to do good in school because they must maintain a GPA of at least a 2. 0 on a 4. 0 scale. If students are to good in school, they must attend school and do well. Attendance is important to do good in school, so intramurals must effect attendance, right? This can be proven if the rules of the NCAA Proposition 48 are followed. 2. 4 Effects on Grades Again, the NCAA Proposition 48 proves that sports do have a major impact on grades, but only because they have to. Students must do good in school if they want to participate in intramurals. Figure 1. 2 2. 5 Right to Give Students a Choice in Sports According to the Constitution, we all have the right to free speech (Amendment 1). If this is true, then it should also give us all the right to a vote. So shouldn’t students be able to vote on whether or not to include football in intramurals? In addition to that, students should also have the right to vote on whether or not to choose if they want to play football as their intramural if it is added to intramurals. The point to be made here is that we all have a right to vote, so we feel that there should be a vote at ATCC on whether or not to add football to the list of intramurals. Our voices should be heard if there is something that we truly believe will benefit the people and the school better. 2. 6 Comparison to Schools with Football as an Intramural Sport It is very difficult to compare ATCC with other schools with intramural sports, and especially since ATCC doesn’t have football as an intramural. However, according to the following website, these are the community colleges that do include football as a sport of choice: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/List_of_community_college_football_programs This website gives all of the schools that have football as a sport of choice. On this list, some of the schools are also listed on the list of the top community colleges in the US. ATCC ranked #8 on the list, while St. Paul College ranked #1, and they do have football as a sport [ (Washington Monthly, 2010) ]. So, could football actually help our students do better in school? It appears that it could, since 57% of all men in colleges played football [ (Heinlien, 2007) ]. 3. 0 Conclusion In conclusion, due to the facts given in the above sections, we believe that students should be able to participate in a vote for football as an intramural at ATCC. Also, whether the vote happens or not, football should be added to the intramural list to improve student participation, and to improve not only attendance, but grades too. 4. 0 Appendix 5. 0 Glossary Intramural-involving only students in the same school or college. That’s the only word we feel the need to define 6. 0. Works Cited Begnaud, B. (2007, February 15). The Effect of Athletic Involvement on GPA. Retrieved November 28, 2012, from Yahoo Answers: http://voices. yahoo. com/the-effect-athletic-involvement-gpa-benefits-201277. html? cat=25 Heinlien, E. (2007, October 28). The Benefits of Intramural Sports. Retrieved November 29, 2012, from Helium: http://www. helium. com/items/670511-the-benefits-of-intramural-sports Mueller, J. (2012, February 16). Do Sports Have an Affect on GPA. Retrieved November 29, 2012, from Stat Crunch: http://www. statcrunch. com/5. 0/viewreport. php? reportid=23966 Walter, T. (n. d. ). How Do Professional Sports in the US Rank in Popularity. Retrieved December 1, 2012, from Wiki Answers: http://wiki. answers. com/Q/How_do_professional_sports_in_the_US_rank_in_popularity Washington Monthly. (2010). College Guide. Retrieved December 1, 2012, from Washington Monthly: http://www. washingtonmonthly. com/college_guide/rankings_2010/community_colleges. php.

Sports Narrative - Football Injury :: Personal Narrative Essays

Personal Narrative- Football Injury The nerves are raging, mainly in his stomach as the butterflies flutter till no end. "Is everything ok? Will everything go as planned?" He couldn't stop thinking about what might happen. Images were racing wild as he thought about his teammates going to battle without him. He couldn't comprehend why he had to let them handle it on their own. He has played with them since they were in eighth grade, and when they need him the most, all he can do is sit and cheer. He hates this feeling of helplessness, but at the same time he knows he has to do what little he can do, well. It was two days until the first game of my last high school football season. My team and I were going to play Bayfield, a battle we had persistently prepared for since the last game of our junior year. The sun was beating on my pads, radiating the heat to make practice seem even worse. I was exhausted and looking forward to the end of my last sweat poring practice for the week. Our team was repetitively executing plays to make sure they were like second nature to us on Friday. Then, creating an unknown peace, Coach Nelson yells, "Last Play!" The play was "Red 334"which is a run to our halfback, me, out of our dive series. I crouched over the ball as I jetted past the quarterback and ran the play so we could observe the changes we needed to make. I let out a sigh of relief because we were finished with the most dreaded part of practice; well, only until someone complained about not knowing their job on one of our pass plays. Coach Nelson undoubtedly decided we needed to run through the final pass play before we perfected our defense. The play was quietly called in the huddle with intentions of getting it right. I ran the play through my mind while I tried to remember what the snap count was and what I was supposed to do for that play. The ball was snapped and I jolted to the left of our team's quarterback to set up his backside protection. Out of my peripheral vision, I noticed the defensive end raging toward the quarterback. I intensely stepped into him while lowering my body and exploded through his shoulder pads sendin g him stumbling into the line's pass protection.

Hate It or Love It Essay

In 1972 the Cross Bronx Expressway was completed; this marked the separation of the southern Bronx and was followed by the â€Å"Bronx is burning† which began the downward spiral for this urban, African American neighborhood. Around the same time hip-hop was founded and became an outlet for the frustrations of the poor, suffering people of this region. The result was the culture of hip-hop that glorifies violence, drugs, money, and a gangster persona. This has become the image of the Hip Hop artist, and is used by musicians to gain the approval or â€Å"street cred† of their fans/peers. With this proof of authenticity, however, many rap/hip-hop artists have sent messages of criticism and condemnation of the life in the â€Å"hood† and the failures of the Civil Rights Movement. In the song â€Å"Hate it or Love it,† these themes of hip-hop are portrayed throughout the song. Rappers The Game and 50 Cent both use signification and realism to gain credibility and critique the failures of the Civil Rights generation. As defined by Imani Perry, a processor of African American studies at Princeton University, realism â€Å"encourages a critique of the media and reflects the significant realities of social inequality† and signifying â€Å"[is] a metaphor for the revision of previous texts and figures (Perry, 61, 101).† Credibility is an idea that is very important in hip-hop. It is often referred to as â€Å"keeping it real† and calls attention to the authenticity of the rap artist (Perry, 87). According to Imani Perry, this entails maintaining â€Å"allegiance to black youth populations or subgroups within [their] community.† Most enthusiasts believe that hip-hop artists should stay true to their roots and stick with the style of their home-region. The Game stays â€Å"real† by recording â€Å"Hate it or Love it† as West Coast style hip-hop and visually signifying N.W.A. (a hip-hop group also from the same city of Compton, CA) in the music video. The song also allows featured artist 50 Cent the chance to stay authentic when he signifies Tupac and Rakim, both of which were also from New York. The Game and 50 Cent though not directly sampling from these artist do cover the identity their predecessors created; as a result, they cover and maintain allegiance to the image of men from black American urban communities. In addition to signifying, â€Å"Hate it or Love it† uses realism throughout its lyrics to build credibility with the audience. Rappers/ Hip-Hop artists are expected to â€Å"witness† and â€Å"live out† the narratives that they tell. 50 Cent starts the song saying, â€Å"let’s take’em back† signifying the transition to story of a â€Å"real† time before he or The Game were known rappers. Both artist reference this reality by disclosing details of ghetto/gangster life in lines like â€Å"Brenda is still throwing babies in the garbage,† â€Å"niggas had stole my bike,† and â€Å"one phone call’ll have your body dumped in marshes.† These phrases all refer to personal or witnessed events that describe the problems like teenage pregnancy, theft, and gang violence in black American urban communities. This â€Å"reality† regardless of truth authenticates the rapper because it shows he has experienced the pa ins of racism, and poverty. It gives the listener a reason to believe the artist can sympathize with his/her own struggles and authenticates the words in the song. Imani Perry also says that, â€Å"[Realism is a] testimony to the emotional state resulting from the experience of poverty, blackness, and the crisis of urbanity (Perry, 87).† After proving oneself as â€Å"real† and establishing their ability to relate to black America, rap artist can further their credibility by targeting the emotional hardships of urban poverty. 50 Cent conveys these emotions when he raps, â€Å"Different day, same shit, ain’t nothing good in the hood. I’d run away from this bitch and never come back if I could.† Here he expresses a genuine hate for the â€Å"hood† and shows his vulnerability as a child, a sentiment not often admitted to in rap. It is this type of realism and openness with emotions that gives musicians the chance to connect and gain trust from the audience. With trust, sup port, and belief in the lyrics, credibility is established. The artist becomes â€Å"real.† Establishing a sense of being â€Å"real† is not restricted to the lyrics. In the music video for â€Å"Hate it or Love it,† The Game employs several images that create both emotion and establish his â€Å"witnessing† of gangster life. For example, both 50 Cent and The Game are represented as children in the music video. They are shown alone in an empty house, standing next to a dead body, and being arrested (as a child and adult). These pictures create feelings of pity and sorrow for the young rappers who appear to have nobody looking out for them, a truth often seen in poor urban communities. This again earns credibility for the rappers because it shows they have â€Å"lived out† the experiences that they rap about. (Perry, 90) With this evidence of living as a â€Å"real† African American, The Game and 50 Cent progress toward a manifestation of respect by contrasting the hood with their new â€Å"reality.† This new life is what Nelson Geor ge would describe as, â€Å"the black man crave[ing] a context for that style, one that often comes as part of a male-dominated collective (George, 52).† In other words, 50 Cent and The Game must cover a glorified version of â€Å"that style† ascribed to the black, male demographic to earn respect from their peers. This glamorized image of blackness is seen throughout the â€Å"Hate it or Love it† music video. The Game is shown standing on top of a building in suburban Los Angles, cruzing down the Boulevard in a red convertible, and wearing two Jacob watches. These images are all a â€Å"signifying call-response trope† between rapper to rapper and rapper to audience (Perry, 62). These images of wealth, and power are a cover of African American male’s desired collective style, a style formed by the previous generation of rappers, and a style African American public continually tries to mimic. It is with the success of achieving this â€Å"style† that 50 Cent and The Game earn respect, and it is with this respect that they gain that final amount of credibility that makes them â€Å"real† rap art ists. Realism is not restricted to the construction of credibility for an artist, it also has the ability to inform listeners about life in the â€Å"hood.† Imani Perry describes this type of realism as a â€Å"telling narrative.† She says, â€Å"[a telling narrative] is to inform and enlighten rather than simply depict (Perry, 91).† The Game accomplished this throughout the lyrics in his song. He raps, â€Å"Thinking how they spent 30 million dollars on airplanes when there’s kids starving,† and â€Å"No schoolbooks, they used that wood to build coffins.† These two lines are extremely powerful and a harsh criticism of society as a whole. These words â€Å"enlighten† us of problems for children in black urban communities like hunger, poor education, and violence. The Game shows contrast when rapping that we spend â€Å"30 million dollars on airplanes.† He is clearly condemning society for its failure to take responsibility for African American children despite the availability of resources. A telling narrative does not only express disapproval for society in general, but also â€Å"provides an internal critique of sociological conditions and the prospects of social control through planned communities (Perry, 91).† The possibility of â€Å"social control† or an improvement of life style is implicitly suggested in The Game’s lyrics. He repeatedly shows the availability of wealth with references to items like â€Å"Jacob’s watches,† â€Å"Mercedes Benz,† and â€Å"sheepskin coats.† 50 Cent however provides a true internal critique of the African American community, not just society as a whole. Within the first stanza 50 Cent recounts the poor/lack of parenting he received from his mother and father. He says, †Coming up I was confused, my mom kissing a girl/Confusion occurs coming up in the cold world/Daddy ain’t around, probably out committing felonies.† These three lines are a direct criticism of 50 Cent’s parents and other ghetto parents of the same generation, the children from the Civil Rights Movement. It is commenting on their collective failure to use the momentum of the civil rights movement as a medium for change. Instead, many, like 50 Cent’s parents, went the opposite route. They fell into illegal activities and abandoned their children. This â€Å"reality† of an illegal life is further exemplified when 50 Cent says, â€Å"I wanna live good, so shit I sell dope.† With no parents, money, or real support, children of the Civil rights generation had to turn to drugs and other illegal activities to â€Å"live good.† Through these types of lyrics, 50 Cent and The Game â€Å"inform† and â€Å"critique† life in urban black neighborhoods. Criticism of ghetto life and the disappointment of the Civil Right’s generation are also accomplished with the use of signification. According to Imani Perry, â€Å"Signifyin(g) is a way of saying one thing and meaning another (Perry, 61).† The Game successfully does this with both images and lyrics. For example, he raps â€Å" ‘Pac is gone and Brenda still throwing babies in the garbage/I wanna know ‘What’s Going On’ like I hear Marvin.† This literally is somewhat confusing; however, if we look beyond the referencing previous black artist, The Game is â€Å"signifying† problems that the African American community has been enduring since the 60’s. Brenda, for instance, is not literally â€Å"throwing babies in the garbage.† Rather, The Game is addressing the continued issue of teen pregnancy in black urban communities and criticizing the lack of change in these problems. He is looking at a similar underlying â€Å"meaning† when he references Marvin Gaye’s song â€Å"What’s Going On.† An artist from the era of the Civil Right’s Movement, Gaye was concerned with issue of drug addiction, poverty, and the Vietnam War. It is clear that the Game is concerned with the lack of change that has occurred since the 1960’s and is calling out the failures of society. The Game continues this use of signifying as social commentator by sampling the background music from The Trammps’ song â€Å"Rubberband.† It is this â€Å"imitation†, as Glenn Gould calls it, that â€Å"[gives] art importance.† (Gould, 58) Gould argues that imitation â€Å"upsets the idea of progress.† This is exactly what The Game and 50 Cent are indicating. Since the Civil Rights Movement, the generation of the Trammps, there has been limited progress. The Game is thus â€Å"imitating† and covering a lack of change. He is criticizing the black people’s ability to make change happen. Progress for African Americans has been limited since the Civil Rights Movement. Despite the lack of change, many people have tried to help, improve, challenge, and change the urban black American’s way of life. Rappers, like The Game and 50 Cent, release music that alludes to the gangster life and its hardships. This signification often is criticized as an â€Å"affirmation of stereotypes;† however, on a deeper level the music is â€Å"challeng[ing] the assumptions† of what a black man is (Perry, 61). When The Game ends his music video, he stands looking at the camera holding, kissing, and loving his baby. Looking directly at the camera he is staring into every African American home in America saying I will be different, I will be a good father, I will make a change. The Game understands the power he has as a rapper, and though this may not be a revolution like the Civil Rights Movement, it sends a message that change is possible even if it is one person at a ti me.

Prevention and control of infection Essay

Questions Answers Learning Outcome/Assessment criteria explain employees’ roles and responsibilities in relation to the prevention and control of infection As an employee it is our responsibility to adhere to company policies and procedures as well as those implemented by localized procedures. This means any communicable diseases which are notifiable must be brought to the attention of the appropriate authorities. If I have any concerns whatsoever regarding the management of infectious diseases in the workplace I should contact line/project manager who will then seek professional advice. All employees must also observe general precautions, other roles specific to a particular work activities also be observe red. Roles and responsibilities of personnel in relation to infection control. 1.1.1  explain employers’ roles and responsibilities in relation to the prevention and control of infection It is the responsibility of the employer to provide employees with  information on such policies as well as ensure all employees receive sufficient training where necessary. Also to provide PPE +personal protective equipment- to all members of staff. 1.1.2  Outline current legislation and regulatory body standards which are relevant to the prevention and the prevention and control of infection. The Health and Social Care Act 2008; Code of Practice for health and adult social care on the prevention and control of infections and related guidance. To help providers of healthcare, adult social care, (and others) plan and implement how they prevent and control infections. It includes criteria for CQC to take into account when assessing compliance with the registration requirement on cleanliness and infection control. Legislation, regulations and guidance that govern infection prevention and control. Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, Management of Health and Safety at Work Act (amended 1994), The Public Health (Control of Diseases) Act 1984, Food Safety Act 1990, COSHH 2002, RIDDOR 1995, The Public Health (Infectious Diseases) Regulation 1988, The Food Safety (General Food Hygiene) Regulations (Department of Health 1995), The Environmental Protection (Duty of Care) Regulations 1991, Health Protection Agency Bill, Hazardous Waste Regulations 2005, NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) Guideline 2 June 2003 2.2.1 Describe local and organizational policies relevant to the prevention and control of infection The following local and organisational policies relevant to the prevention and control of infection are The Public Health (control of disease) Act 1984, Social Care Act, the NICE guidelines and also company policies and procedures that relate to infection prevention and control. For example with regards to own company, it states that â€Å"Any  persons suffering from an infectious or contagious disease must either have clearance rom own doctor or seek guidance from your line manager.† 2.2.2 Describe procedures and systems relevant prevention and control of infection Procedures and systems relevant to the prevention of control infection are following companies policies and procedures which relate to correct hand washing procedure, wearing correct PPE for example gloves, aprons and protective clothing, the correct disposal of waste and using the correct cleaning equipment when cleaning spillages, surfaces, equipment etc. 3.3.1 Explain the potential impact of an outbreak of infection on the individual and the organisation. ‘The outbreak of infection can be fatal if care is not taken; for instance an outbreak of MRSA that can be resistant to most antibiotics can be fatal. The outbreak of an infection has consequences for individuals, staff and the organisation. It can cause ill health to all concerned and it can also impact emotionally because people that acquire infection relate it to being dirty and some infections may require people to be isolated from others for a period of time. The organisation could lose money if most of the staff are off sick and as they will then need to employ more staff which they will be paying to cover in addition to staff that are off sick. The organisation could also be fined by not complying with the law and in turn this will damage their reputation. 3.3.2 Define ‘RISK’ Risk is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard. It may also apply to situations with property or equipment loss 4.4.1 Outline potential risks of infection within the workplace In the workplace supporting individuals with personal care activities and  sharing facilities with others involve coming into contact with bodily fluids which contain pathogens. Cleaning areas such as bathrooms that are dirty and where bodily fluids are present may be more likely to be contaminated with pathogens. Handling laundry that may be dirty or contaminated with bodily fluids can also contain pathogens. Handling of disposing of clinical waste, emptying waste containers and receptacles, that may also be contaminated with pathogens. Providing personal care activities that require being close to an individual and dealing with bodily fluids increases the chance of infections spreading. Sometimes support workers may be exposed to high risk situations where the risk of infection spreading is higher such as in an individual’s home where the support worker is supporting with personal care but then also other activities such as handling food and disposing of waste.’ 4.4.2 Describe the process of carrying out a risk assessment Risk assessment helps makes us aware of the risks involved in any activity and know how to reduce or remove the risk. It also helps to protect the organisation’s reputation because the risk assessment identifies the risks in the workplace and the measures put in place to control or eradicate such risks. In general, risk assessments are important as they reduce the risks of accidents and ill health to everyone. There are five main stages to carrying out a risk assessment: Identify the hazard – this means finding out what the hazards are and what might cause harm by observing but also by speaking with individuals, staff and visitors. Evaluate the risks – this stage involves deciding who might be harmed and how and involves considering everyone in the workplace such as individuals, staff and visitors. Take precautions – this involves deciding on what precautions must be taken to remove, reduce or avoid the hazards for example wearing the appropriate PPE might be a precaution. Review the risks – the effectiveness of the precautions in place should be checked regularly to ensure that they are sufficient. Report and record outcome – the findings of the risk assessment must be recorded and all those involved and who need to know should be given explanations and information on how these risks can be prevented and/or controlled 4.4.3 Explain the importance of carrying out a risk assessment The main aim is to make sure that no one gets hurt or becomes ill. Accidents and ill health can ruin lives, and can also affect business if output is lost, machinery is damaged, insurance costs increase, or if you have to go to court. Therefore, carrying out risk assessments, preparing and implementing a safety statement and keeping both up to date will not in themselves prevent accidents and ill health but they will play a crucial part in reducing their likelihood. Employers, managers and supervisors should all ensure that workplace practices reflect the risk assessments and safety statement. Behaviour, the way in which everyone works, must reflect the safe working practices laid down in these documents. Supervisory checks and audits should be carried out to determine how well the aims set down are being achieved. Corrective action should be taken when required. Additionally, if a workplace is provided for use by others, the safety statement must also set out the safe work practices that are relevant to them. Hence, it is important to carry out a Risk Assessment and prepare a Safety Statement for: 1. Financial reasons: 2. Legal reasons: 3. Moral and ethical reasons: 4.4.4 Describe different types of PPE Aprons and gloves are commonly used types of PPE. Disposable gloves have different type’s namely standard latex (i.e. white gloves used for personal care tasks), nitrile (i.e. used for cleaning tasks) and vinyl (i.e. blue gloves used when handling food). Disposable plastic aprons are placed over uniforms and prevent the uniform from becoming soiled when carrying out different activities (i.e. white apron for personal care and blue for handling food). Other PPE used in care settings can include uniforms (must not be worn outside of work and must be washed on a regular basis) and hats (worn when food is being prepared and served). PPE is used to reduce the  risk of pathogens being transferred from the support worker to the individual, from one individual to another, from one staff member to another. PPE form physical barriers from infections and protect staff from infection carried by individuals and individuals from any pathogens staff may be carrying 5.5.2 Explain the reasons for use of PPE * Gloves- protect hands. * Gowns/aprons-protect skin and/or clothing. * Masks and respirators. * Respirators- protect respiratory tract from airborne infectious agents. * Goggles- protect eyes. * Face shields- protect face, mouth, nose, and eyes. 5.5.3 State current relevant regulations and legislation relating to PPE Employees are responsible to use PPE appropriate and as instructed by employer. An employee has to check PPE before and after use and have to report any damage. Ensuring employees who store and handle dangerous substances are properly trained. Using appropriate precautions when handling substances- for example, wearing protective clothing or ensuring adequate ventilation. Checking containers are properly labelled. 5.5.4 Describe employees’ responsibility regarding the removal of PPE It is the responsibility of employees to ensure that they take reasonable care to protect their own health and safety and that of their co-workers and other persons in or near the workplace. Report to management any hazardous or potentially hazardous conditions or risks that they identify in their work environment. Participate in training provided by the employer, regarding the appropriate use, care, and maintenance of PPE. Uses PPE in accordance with instruction provided and follow 5.5.5 Describe employers’ responsibility regarding the removal of PPE Employers’ responsibilities regarding the use of PPE include providing the correct PPE in relation to the specific tasks that are carried out and for staff members (i.e. the correct fitting PPE); this must be provided free of charge. Employers need to have arrangements in place to make sure PPE is stored correctly and is available when needed. It is the duty of the employer to assess the need of PPE in the work environment. The employer must also train staff and provide them with information and guidance on how to use PPE 5.5.6 Describe the correct practice in the application and removal of PPE ‘Before putting on an apron you must first wash and dry your hands and then the neck strap must be placed over the head and the waist ties fastened behind the back. To remove the apron it is important to limit the areas your hand will touch in order to reduce the possibility of cross infection. You should pull at the neck strap and the waist strap making sure that it does not fall to the floor, then scrunch it up into a ball in your gloved hand and then dispose of it in the yellow bin bag. When removing PPE avoid touching any surface, remove the item before moving to the next patient, place the item in the correct bin and wash and dry your hands afterwards in case of cross contamination. Clinical waste like gloves and aprons are regarded as high risk and must be disposed of properly to reduce the risk of cross infection. Infectious, hazardous materials should be placed in yellow bags for incineration; black bags are for food waste and other waste. 5.5.7 Describe the correct procedure for disposal of used PPE Put on medical gloves and place your PPE in a plastic garbage bag. Tightly tie and secure the garbage bag to prevent dripping. If dripping occurs and garbage touches your skin or clothes, wash them thoroughly. Put PPE in your workplace’s receptacles. It may be labelled for bio hazardous waste. Clean waste containers regularly. Your workplace may require you to clean receptacles daily depending on their policies; and wash hands thoroughly  with soap and warm water after handling. 5.5.8 Describe the key principles of good personal hygiene Some of the principles of good personal hygiene include washing hands before and after tasks and bathing regularly to prevent the spread of infection and body odour, keeping hair clean and tied back, wearing clean clothing and ensuring uniforms worn are washed regularly and only worn in the workplace to avoid the spread of infection, keeping nails trimmed and clean, not wearing jewellery at work as this can be a way of transporting pathogens. 6.6.1 Describe the correct sequence for hand washing The stages for hand washing are as follows: Make sure that you remove any jewellery, Turn the water tap on and make sure that you can place both hands under the water comfortably and that it is at the right temperature so that you can wash your hands, Wet both hands, Apply soap and lather both hands palm to palm, Rub each hand over the back of the other, Interlock fingers and rub fingers, Rub thumbs, Rub palms together, Rinse to remove the soap residue, Dry your hands with either a paper towel or an air drier. 6.6.3 Explain when and why hand washing should be carried out Hand washing should be carried out regularly to help prevent and control the spread of infection and should be washed before starting work and putting on a clean uniform, before and after using PPE, before and after specific tasks such as after using the toilet, before and after handling and serving food, after handling waste, before and after carrying out activities with  individuals. 6.6.4 Describe the types of products that should be used for hand washing There are different types of products that should be used for hand washing and these include soap, antiseptic gels and alcohol-based hand rubs. Liquid soap from a dispenser should be used for hand washing in communal areas as these will have less pathogens then if bars of soap are shared between different people. Antiseptic gels contain chemicals that destroy pathogens and these are used where there is a higher risk of infection. Alcohol-based hand rubs should be used in addition to and not instead of hand washing with soaps and antiseptic gels and add an additional protective barrier against pathogens. 6.6.5 Describe correct procedures that relate to skincare. Hand washing should be carried out regularly to help prevent and control the spread of infection and should be washed before starting work and putting on a clean uniform, before and after using PPE, before and after specific tasks such as after using the toilet, before and after handling and serving food, after handling waste, before and after carrying out activities with individuals. It is important to take care of our skin as it protects from pathogens; if the skin is not looked after it could become dry and develop cracks which in turn could become the route of pathogens. It is therefore important that hand cream is applied to help keep skin moisturised so that it does not become dry.

The Historical Period of One Day in the Life of Iv Essays

The Historical Period of One Day in the Life of Iv Essays The Historical Period of One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich: Living Eight Years in a Day One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich is a story of a man, Ivan Denisovich, during only one day of his sentence in a labor camp in Russia. The novel recounts in a fictional story, the experiences of Solzhenitsyn himself, and of his observations during his "stay" as a foundryworker and bricklayer, just as Shukov was in Solzhenitsyn's novel (One Day... 204). Sent to the Special Camps of Stalin in 1950, he experienced the life of a camp laborer as a political prisoner (Solzhenitsyn 1). Later exiled for life, he began work on the book secretly and recalled the memories with which he constructed the story, yet historical account, of life in a soviet labor camp. Within the text of One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, one finds constant references to the actual dress, code of conduct, and language of the prisoners. For example, Shukov, the main character, is a member of gang 104, number S-854 (One Day... 4,6). During their imprisonment, the laborers were assigned numbers of identification: Not only was this an attempt to keep a foothold on some type of organization of the prisoners, but it was also a device of the government to psychologically destroy the individuality of each prisoner, making him a number, burning his name with the clothes that he'd worn on the train ride to the camp (Ratushinskaya ch.4). This practice was much like and even patterned after the practices of the Nazis in their camps in which they imprisoned and humiliated the Jews. Similarly, the crimes for which soviet prisoners were charged ranged from general criminal offenses to ludicrous breaches of petty laws and incriminating political whispersanything that may remotely threaten the safety of Stalin's position in power. Historical documentation of these offenses finds not only Solzhenitsyn himself imprisoned for his "anti-Stalinism" remarks embedded within a discreet letter to a friend (Solzhenitsyn 1), but also the imprisonment of other authors as well. For example, Pasternak and Akhmatova were silenced by Stalin's iron fist for their anti-Stalinist poetry, though brilliant and exquisite (Yarmolinsky 191). Furthermore, attesting to the historical accuracy of the novel, this imprisonment of poets is found in Irina Ratushiskaya's documentation of her own imprisonment as an young, up-and-coming shining star in Russian literature, only to have her efforts quaffed, burned, and she herself, subjected to live as a zek, or prisoner, in the camp (Ratushinskaya c h. 3, 5, 10). Zek-life, as it was called by Ratushinskaya in her book Grey is the Color of Hope, was much like that of the prisoners in One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich; Irina, imprisoned nearly 45 years after the time period in which One Day... was set. The vulgar language and unabashed forwardness of both wardens and prisoners exhibits the baseness of the camps(One Day... xiix). Solzhenitsyn described the zeks as being supplied with a minimal amount of clothing and barely minimal amount of food, subjected to strip searches in the middle of winter, and expected to work everyday, maintaining their health (One Day... 37) "Each prisoner was allowed one shirt and one vest. Everything else had to come off.." was the mandate for clothing (One Day... 37). Later is said about Shukov and of the lack of food, "The amount of oats Shukov fed to the horses when he was a boy, and he never thought he'd long for a handful himself one day!"Subjected to the extreme cold of the region, the dampness of the bui ldings, the lack of food, prisoners suffered emotionally, physically, and spiritually. 'One of the main elements of persecution was based on differences in beliefs: A Baptist, evenanyone whose beliefs may conflict with the efforts of The Party (One Day... 38)stood his ground beneath the persecution of Stalin. This example was one, even though a fictional one, of many. Documented in Ratushinskaya's book is the plight of the "nuns" who, in their refusal to leave their traditional faith to join the reconstructed Russian Orthodox Church (Ratushinskaya 53). Similarly, have other orientations been persecuted as well, including sexual orientation. The noted author and Russian Literary great Pushkin was himself a

Free Essays on Marketing Paper On Various Retail Companies

TABLE OF CONTENTS Description of the type of organization selected†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...1 Future outlook†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 Current status†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦...21 Microenvironment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....24 Macroenvironment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...29 Future Prospects†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ..34 Description of the Eckerd Marketing Strategies†¦............†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.39 Types of markets served†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..39 Buying behavior of the target market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 41 Development of the Marketing Mix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 43 Product and Services Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....44 Pricing Considerations and Strategies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.46 Distribution Channels and Logistics Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 49 Marketing Communications Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.51 Evaluation of the Eckerd Market Strategy Planning Activities†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦........... 54 Discussion the recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 56 Concluding comments†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.57 RETAIL By description is to sell in small quantities directly to the ultimate consumer. A retailer sells items to a consumer. Historical Development An Age of Choice.- retail and food service industries Author/s: Murray Forseter Issue: April 10, 2000 For the last century and a half, retailing has been a force of social change. Ever since the first chain store sprouted on American soil with the 1859 opening of a Great Ame... Free Essays on Marketing Paper On Various Retail Companies Free Essays on Marketing Paper On Various Retail Companies TABLE OF CONTENTS Description of the type of organization selected†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...1 Future outlook†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 Current status†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦...21 Microenvironment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....24 Macroenvironment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...29 Future Prospects†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ..34 Description of the Eckerd Marketing Strategies†¦............†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.39 Types of markets served†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..39 Buying behavior of the target market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 41 Development of the Marketing Mix†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 43 Product and Services Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....44 Pricing Considerations and Strategies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.46 Distribution Channels and Logistics Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 49 Marketing Communications Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.51 Evaluation of the Eckerd Market Strategy Planning Activities†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦........... 54 Discussion the recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 56 Concluding comments†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.57 RETAIL By description is to sell in small quantities directly to the ultimate consumer. A retailer sells items to a consumer. Historical Development An Age of Choice.- retail and food service industries Author/s: Murray Forseter Issue: April 10, 2000 For the last century and a half, retailing has been a force of social change. Ever since the first chain store sprouted on American soil with the 1859 opening of a Great Ame...

Heres How to Tell Your Boss You Have Too Much Work

Heres How to Tell Your Boss You Have Too Much Work You’re totally swamped, but you feel like you can’t tell your boss or she’ll think you’re a wimp- or you’ll be written off for promotion because you just can’t cut the mustard. But if you’re not just being lazy (you’re actually overwhelmed because there’s genuinely too much on your plate), then you might just need to find the right way to broach the subject. Continuing to thrash around with your head just below the surface of the water is not going to win you any medals. You might actually do damage to your career. Remember that being overcommitted and dealing with exhaustion can lead to sloppy mistakes or cut corners- or even failing to get something done on time. Far better to give your boss a heads up so you can continue turning in the top notch work you’d rather put your name to.Here are some guidelines to follow.1. Make it about quality.The way to frame this is that you don’t want to sacrifice quality i n order to keep up a ridiculous level of output. Don’t make any accusations, just present the situation frankly. Say that you’re concerned the high standards you hold yourself to might suffer given your responsibilities overload. Emphasize that you’re totally up for turning out four high-quality projects at a time, but that six is a bit too much.2. Be concrete.Don’t just say you have too much work. Give concrete examples. Explain how you’ve been assigned several projects on top of your regular workload. And how any one of them would be fine, but cumulatively, you’re having trouble keeping balls in the air. Give an estimate of how much time it would take for you to complete each and then the aggregate time. Then explain how it would be impossible to meet all of the deadlines. Tell your boss all the times you’ve stayed late or worked extra hours to finish, without complaint.3. Discuss deadlines and delegation.It might be an easy fix, li ke staggering deadlines, or outsourcing some projects or tasks to other team members to get the thing done (and well) in a timely fashion- especially if there are any general administrative aspects that don’t require your skillset that could be passed along to support staff to free you up to concentrate on the meat of the project. Set clear priorities showing you value the most important projects and understand the importance of getting them done to standard.4. Stay positive.Soften the blow by focusing on the positive. Frame the conversation by saying â€Å"yes† to what you can do, and do well, and not â€Å"no† to all you can’t, i.e., you can do project X, but extra added-on projects and tasks might require you to sacrifice that very important project, which you are not prepared to sacrifice. Keep it positive and use an upbeat, devoted-to-the-company tone, rather than one of despondence or frustration. And show, above all, your willingness to pitch in.5. Ask for help.Never underestimate the power of a third party to help ground you when you’re feeling overwhelmed. Get an outsider’s perspective on your workload. They’ll either tell you to suck it up and get it done, or they’ll validate your feeling that you’re really being asked to juggle far too much.

Cloning and Aggression among Sea Anemones Essay

Cloning and Aggression among Sea Anemones - Essay Example These clones rapidly spread out and form large aggregations of individuals exhibiting polymorphism. Individuals present in the center of clones are larger with gonads, and reproduce sexually. Individuals at the edge of the colony are smaller, with larger fighting tentacles (acrorhagi), being defensive in nature reproduce asexually. This division of labor allows individuals in the center to expend more energy on sexual reproduction and individuals on the edges of aggregations to expend their energy on developing large acrorhagi to fight the individuals of adjacent clones. Aggression is provoked when individuals on the circumference come into contact with genetically different clones. Acrorhagi, which are large projections loaded with nematysts located at the base of the tentacles, are used to sting, injure, and even kill members of the other clone. This inter-clonal fighting results in clear boundaries between adjacent aggregations. This aggressive behavior is fused on non-clone mates , as members of each clone can distinguish their own clone mates and do not attack them. Intraspecific competition of the inference sort has also been observed in experiments where two adjacent clones competed over the resource of space. The significance level for shore position, clonal/aclonal growth, and aggressiveness... Rare species were excluded for consistency and simply sharpen the focus of the present study. Study sites The samples were collected from two long north-south gradients extending from subarctic to subtropical latitudes.(Further details see L.Francis,1988,p.243) Assignment to categories The samples are categorized based on habitat, individual body size, clonal, aggressive nature. Statistical method The significance level for shore position, clonal/aclonal growth, and aggressiveness acting simultaneously is determined by using a multi-way G-test. In addition, Fisher's exact test with critical alpha levels corrected to compensate for multiple use of data is also used since some of the theoretically possible sets are though empty, is permissible, if conservative, to use [comparison wise error rate = 1 - ( 1 - )1/c, where c is the number of comparisons and is the desired level of confidence; Sidak, 1967, cited in SAS guide, 1985]. (For three sets of comparisons, a comparison wise error rate of 0.0165 is equivalent to an experimental error rate of 0.05.) Development of a model A geometric model is developed to predict the relative energy efficiency of interference as a function of increasing size: (1) for growth through isometric increase in size (simulated growth of an aclonal adult), and (2) for growth without increasing in height (simulated growth and spread of a compact, encrusting clone). Results Correlations From the observations, it was evident that overall distribution of species was uneven with respect to shore position, clonal/aclonal growth and aggressiveness. Tested separately, two of the three pair wise interactions were significant (for cloning vs. aggression and

Numerical Problem Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Numerical Problem - Speech or Presentation Example Further, the firm has a higher debt-to-equity ratio which is also unfavorable indicating more risk because the firm depends more on external lenders. Average collection period indicates the number of days a firm requires converting its receivables into cash. The firm takes more days that the industry average implying that the premiums receivable of the firm are less liquid or are converted less quickly into cash. The firm is, therefore, less efficient in managing its premium receivables compared to the industry average. Days cash on hand shows the number of days of operating expenses that the firm could meet with its current cash available. The company is in a worse situation because it has a lower ratio than the industry average and should increase its fundraising or cut back its spending. Return on assets is a profitability ratio measuring how efficient a firm is in using its assets to generate revenue. The firm has a higher ratio than the industry average implying that it is more efficient in using its assets to generate revenue than the industry average. The firm has higher TIE ratio than the industry average. It, therefore, has higher ability to meet its interest payments on the debt. The firm has a lower fixed asset turnover ratio meaning it is not using the assets optimally. It is less efficient than the industry average in using assets to generate sales or

A Sustainable Business in Our Changing Landscape Research Paper

A Sustainable Business in Our Changing Landscape - Research Paper Example The organization has introduced various products up till now and is always on the frontline for taking advantage of all the latest technological breakthroughs that happen globally. The strategy of diversification has proven to be successful for the company, and it is evident from its continuously increasing performance. The challenging phase of the organization was when it was sued for doing unethical marketing activities – it was believed that the corporation forced its suppliers to supply the raw materials only to it. Other challenge encountered was the violation of anti-competitive strategy, and it was evident from the company’s tactics of getting monopolistic position in the market. Afterwards, the environment was becoming tougher and more competitive, and, presently, all businesses are facing rapid changes happening in the business environment. Some of the major changes, as highlighted by Witiw (2007), that are happening in the volatile environment of today are the following: global economic recession is happening at a faster pace; the economy of a country is severely impacted by the failures of the organizations, by natural disasters and terrorist attacks; top management needs the employees’ supports to enhance the performance; behaviors of the consumers are changing, and children are observed using computers and other technological gadgets at a very early stage; suppliers of the country are impacted by the production facilities transfer to China and India; natural disasters have been occurring at an increasing rate across the world; and violence is spilling from society to various schools, colleges and workplaces. Therefore, the best way of conducting business activities these days is to use the online tools so that the companies are able to respond to consumers’ demands proactively. The trend of shifting from traditional ways of running the business enterprises to online direct selling to the customers is evident – the strategies adopted by Dell, Nokia, Apple, HP and many other companies are the examples. Therefore, the best tool for Microsoft Corporation is to do e-marketing and develop good and an effective e-marketing plan. A Sustainable Business in a Changing Landscape Introduction Internet has revolutionized the way organizations do business these days and it has eased ample activities for the business. Now, businesses can do every activity with few clicks, and they just need to remain well-informed about the technological advancements that are happening these days. The organizations must design their business objectives and strategies in a way that they take advantage of amenities provided by the internet (Smith & Chaffey, 2005). Likewise, internet has opened diverse range of avenues for businesses to conduct their activities and the best opportunity given to companies is that of e-marketing (Rossi et al., 2007). In order to ensure that businesses are able to survive in such a tough and com petitive environment, they will have to develop strategies that will help them earn the customers’

AP - Art History eo 7 forum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

AP - Art History eo 7 forum - Essay Example The neoclassical work painting by Jacques-Louis David indicates excellent use of colors and the work is contrastingly well polished and distinguishable. On contrary, the romantic paintings by Eugene Delacroix reveals poor use of colors. The brushwork is also not polished thus prompting the eventual derivation of contrastingly undesirable work. The exposure of the death of Socrates by David, Jacques-Louis exhibits well defined and refined piece of work and is likely to allure love by many paint art lovers. The drawings also present the desirable picture and tone desired by the viewer. From fig a, it is observable that varying colors have been applied. As compared to romantic drawing by Delacroix, Eugà ¨ne- Mad Woman, 1822 who has utilized only two or three blends of colors. Delacroix, Eugà ¨ne Mad Woman, 1822 (romantic) drawing is also rugged and does not appreciate appealing drawing. Delacroix Eugà ¨ne- Mad Woman, 1822 is very lose and does not appeal to the eye. Delacroix also failed to not the presence of the background as presented excellently by Jacques on The Death of

The Performance Study Of The Beverages Industry And Leisure Industry Essay

The Performance Study Of The Beverages Industry And Leisure Industry In The UK 2031 - Essay Example The brands of the company include Johnnie Walker, Smirnoff, Windsor and Bushmills, Crown royal and Ketel One vodka amongst many others. The products of the company are sold in more than 180 nations around the world. Continuous investments are one of the essential strategies of the company. The company’s management believes in the concept that continuous investment in new product development is essential for achieving success in the beverage industry. Investing in innovation and developing partnerships which adds value to the entity are the primary motives of the organization. Diageo Plc is listed in both the New York and London stock exchanges. Britvic plc is the second largest supplier soft drinks manufacturing company in the U.K. it is also the largest manufacturer of still soft drinks in the U.K market. Majority of the business of the company is concentrated in the U.K, Ireland and France. The company exports its products to more than 50 nations of the world. Some of the famous brands of the company are Robinsons, Tango and Teisseire amongst many others. Apart from its own products, Britvic also manufactures and sells products of PepsiCo such as 7Up and Mountain Dew. Britivic in the recent times has also been successful in expanding its activities into the U.S through franchising, licensing and export. Organic growth and international expansion are the main strategic policies of the company. The company is listed on the London Stock exchange. SABMiller is a multinational South African brewing and beverages company. The headquarters of the company is located in the London. After Anheuser-Busch, SABMiller is the largest brewer in terms of revenue. The company is also engaged in bottling Coca-Cola products. The company operates in more than 80 nations of the world. The company operates in both emerging and developed markets of the worlds. Â  Peroni Nastro Azzurro and Fosters are come famous brands of the company. The company possess primary

AP - Art History eo 7 forum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

AP - Art History eo 7 forum - Essay Example The neoclassical work painting by Jacques-Louis David indicates excellent use of colors and the work is contrastingly well polished and distinguishable. On contrary, the romantic paintings by Eugene Delacroix reveals poor use of colors. The brushwork is also not polished thus prompting the eventual derivation of contrastingly undesirable work. The exposure of the death of Socrates by David, Jacques-Louis exhibits well defined and refined piece of work and is likely to allure love by many paint art lovers. The drawings also present the desirable picture and tone desired by the viewer. From fig a, it is observable that varying colors have been applied. As compared to romantic drawing by Delacroix, Eugà ¨ne- Mad Woman, 1822 who has utilized only two or three blends of colors. Delacroix, Eugà ¨ne Mad Woman, 1822 (romantic) drawing is also rugged and does not appreciate appealing drawing. Delacroix Eugà ¨ne- Mad Woman, 1822 is very lose and does not appeal to the eye. Delacroix also failed to not the presence of the background as presented excellently by Jacques on The Death of

SWOT Analysis of New York City Police Department Research Paper

SWOT Analysis of New York City Police Department - Research Paper Example According to Henry, the major strength of the department lies in its management team who has taken various strategic steps for curtailing the accelerating crime rate in the city (14). Following are the strengths of NYPD: 1. Strong management team – When Bratton was given the charge of running NYPD, the foremost thing that he did was the organizational restructuring. The policies of the organization were changed and the entire structure was changed to ensure that the duties and responsibilities were properly divided among the divisions. Division of tasks leads to less workload and timely completion of the tasks. He developed a vision for the entire management team that has been helping the team in following a clear path of direction for effective performance in the region (Sugarman, 159). 2. Wide range of departments for specific purposes – The major strength of this organization lies in its varying range of departments as each one of them has been developed with a speci fic purpose. For instance, it has developed Emergency Service Unit, Traffic Enforcement District, Major Case Squad, Evidence Collection Team, Crime Scene Unit, Task Forces, Highway Patrol, Mounted Unit, Auxiliary Police, Technical Assistance Response Unit and many more (Nagy and Joel, 20). 3. Implementation of Compstat Technology – Compstat which stands for the Computerized Statistics program is a strategic management process that is goal-oriented. This system makes efficient use of three key components of NYPD i.e. business strategy, information technology and accountability of management for controlling the crime along with the police neighborhoods. It has been implemented in NYPD with the aim of oppressing the crimes and it enhances the quality of community’s life by providing the residents a safe and secured environment. The system has helped the organization in successfully fulfilling its mission (Henry, 2).

Latin America colonial times Essay Example for Free

Latin America colonial times Essay ?4. How does colonialism engage with notions of spirituality, witchcraft, and/or (ritual) intoxication? You may analyze how the distinctions between orthodox and unorthodox practices were distinguished (and oftentimes blurred). You may look at Staden, the readings on witchcraft and â€Å"superstition,† etc. Beginning in 1492 when the Spanish under the crown of Castile invaded the Americas, where their first settlement was in Santo Domingo, their main motivations were trade and the spread of the Catholic faith through indigenous conversions and economic gain. Due to these objectives they intervened and attempted to change every facet of the indigenous way of life including their ‘notions of spirituality, witchcraft, and intoxication’. The indigenous population had formally been removed from the jurisdiction of the inquisition by order of King Phillip the second in 1571, however the native people of Mexico and other invaded lands of the Americas were still prosecuted on accounts of witchcraft or being Nauatil (witches). Colonialism engaged with notions of spirituality and witchcraft by asserting their dominance in attempts to completely annihilate these practices. They attempted to make sense of what they did not understand by attributing these happenings to witchcraft and condemning those prosecuted as witches. Further, as previously mentioned, they attempted to spread the Catholic religion by deeming the religious practices previously ‘inherited’ (treatise on Heathen superstition) by the indigenous population as acts of witchcraft. In his letter to Reverend Don Francisco Manso de Zunga, Hernando Ruiz de Alarcon a Spanish navigator of the sixteenth centaury wrote that the reasons behind attempting to completely eradicate the superstitious ways of the people he regarded as Indians was that some of their practices such as â€Å"drunkenness was not permitted to them even in their heathen state† and was punishable by death. (39) His reasons behind â€Å"scraping of drunkenness from the memory of humanity† (39) is that even to those who are believed to be Pagans or non believers (heathens) (39) it was prohibited, therefore once baptised and accepted as Christians it is was a sin to indulge in these acts. To increase the spread and conversion to Catholicism within the Indians, Alarcon, validates the eradication of their customs. Further in his letter Hernando Ruiz de Alarcon explains how by indulging in these superstition practices the Indians are harming themselves. He states â€Å"This (their drunkenness) is the cause of the total destruction of the health of their bodies, and consequently the sufficient and principal barrier to their preservation and increase† (39). Alarcon explains that the deepness with which these practices have fastened into the native American culture leads him to believe that â€Å"the ministers have entered late into their parishioners’ language. † (40). Here we get an indication that despite their conversion to Christianity, Alarcon believes there is no hope to change the Indians’ superstitious ways. In light of the Spaniards determination to spread the Christian faith they attempted to eradicate all other religious practices within the Americas. In his letter Alarcon states in his letter â€Å"others (superstitions) have a weak foundation, because a traditions of their false gods is hardly found among their stories† (39). He explains their previous religion had no concrete roots, they worshiped ‘false gods’ and it was illegitimate; therefore, all rituals and practices for this cause were superstitious. It is important for us to note that the work of finding and documenting the acts of superstition in Mexico was bestowed on Alarcon and therefore it was in his best interest to exaggerate the evidence he supposedly finds. Further, he admits that he is not fully capable to undertake this task because of his â€Å"defective intellect and small experience with writing† (40). In his Treatise on the Heathen Superstition Alarcon explores many aspects of the Mexican native population’s way of idolizing their god’s or goddesses, he attributes this act to an act of worshiping the devil. This is another example of how the Spanish used the notion of witchcraft to propel the spread of Christianity. In his treatise Alarcon states â€Å"and by this means they usually communicate with the devil, because he usually communicates with them when they are deprived of judgement with the said drink and deceives them with different appearances† (48). In this example we can see how Alarcon uses Christianity and the threat of the devil to abolish drunkenness. Alarcon also uses the Devil to explain phenomenons that were beyond the scope of the Spanish understanding. He states in his treatise, â€Å"they (the sages in Mexico) are always deceitful and ceremoniatic and seek to persuade people that they are consummate in knowledge, since they profess to know what is absent and to foresee what is in the future, which, it may be, is revealed to them by the Devil, who can, through knowledge and conjecture, foresee many future events. † (45). Due to the fact that Alarcon and other Spaniards at that time could not make sense of why the prophecies or futuristic readings of the native Mexican sages were holding true, they declared it an act of the Devil and therefore a form of witchcraft. Another example of the Spaniards condemning the unexplainable acts in the Americas is in the document â€Å"On her Deathbed, Maria de la Candelaria Accuses Michaela de Molina of Casting Spells† produced in Guatemala in 1696. In this text different testimonies of various people that witnessed the sickness of Maria de la Candelaria a girl servant. In the testimony of Dona Juana Gonzalez a Spanish woman and mistress of Maria, she states, â€Å"the reason that she presumes this (that Michaela de Molina had casted spells on Maria) is because her servant, Maria had some fights with [Michaela] and not with anyone else. † (170) The Spaniards and even the natives of Guatemala could not fathom why or how Maria was dispelling such large amounts of blood and various objects like stones, rags and hair from her mouth and nose therefore attempted to reason it by condemning Michaela in the act of witchcraft. It is important to understand why the Spanish were interested in Maria’s sickness. In Spain and other parts of Europe the acts of witchcraft were highly condemned. People were afraid of loosing their power and therefore they feared the unknown. They condemned it by illegalizing all forms of witchcraft. Further, the act of ‘drunkenness’ and other practices not coherent with the beliefs of Christianity were also attributed to witchcraft therefore abolishing witchcraft became a means to spread the Christian faith specially since the indigenous population had formally been removed from the jurisdiction of the inquisition by order of King Phillip the second in 1571.

Styles Used in Islamic Art

Styles Used in Islamic Art What is sacred art? Who determines what art is sacred? And what reasons do they decide upon? Many questions surface when it comes to distinguishing the difference between sacred art, religious art, and traditional art. The three are different from one another in some way. Sacred art includes depictions encouraging humans into spirituality. It is the result of divine inspiration. It is basically something specifically made for the purpose of worship and can range from a prayer carpet to the prayer itself. Due to the fact that in the Islamic civilization, the depiction of figural representation is forbidden, Islamic art primarily focuses on spiritual geometric forms, calligraphy and biomorphic designs. From the Middle-Ages, Islamic art has always had this theme of balance, unity and harmony in its patterns; which in Arabic is called el tawhid. It uses repetition of designs to come across with crucial concepts such as Gods creation of the universe. In comparison, religious art is that type of non-traditional art devoted to religious themes and functions even if its method of execution and language are no longer traditional (Sophia 1996). It consists of illustrations of themes or events depicted in holly books. This type of art can only be appreciated by its followers. For an example, to a Muslim a painting of Saint Mary and Jesus may not seem as appealing as it would to Christianity followers. Finally, traditional art; is dissimilar from both the previously stated arts as it is the art that deals with a culture or a specific group of people. Due to all its principles and techniques of symbolism it assists the viewer to become aware of the Divine; which is in Islam God but for an example in Christianity Jesus Christ. Egypt with all its mosques, churches and even Jewish temples, is a proper example of where many traditional arts appear since there is many arts however they suit all the religions perfectly. The Islamic work of art is a symbolic statement, as is all art; for it attempts to make a sensory representation of an important idea not evidenced to the senses (Al Faruqi). However, the Islamic civilization tends to spread religious architecture rather than sacred architecture. It focuses primarily on representing the theme of tawhid through its architecture, calligraphy, and forms. However, it is impossible to for a non-follower to understand this type of art. In reverse, it is also impossible for one to understand Islam and its message without being exposed to its art; which carries a true and deep meaning to it. This can all be understood by looking back at what Henry David Thoreau once said its not what you look at but what you see; where symbolism is explained; that what the art means or reflects varies from one person to another. As Islamic art focuses on patterns and symmetry to demonstrate unity it uses many styles to accomplish its mission. One of the famous styles used in Islamic civilization is the smallness of the elements of the compositional motifs which is how forms are fixed to the smallest details. This is concluded to drive the viewer to concentrate on every little detail. A second style used in Islamic art is the complication of the motifs which generates the viewer to look at the design from different perspectives. The third style seen in Islamic art uses repetition of patterns; to symbolize infinity. Islamic art also contains many forms such as divisions and symmetry. Such divisions embody organization and infinity. Most of the previously stated styles and forms can be found in the famous design called the Breath of the Compassionate. The Breath of the Compassionate, or al-nafas al-rahman, is an eight-point star, is a famous design to many cultures and religions. It can be found in many religious iconographies; just like the form of a niche can be found in churches, synagogues and mosques. However, it holds a different meaning to every religion it is illustrated in. I believe this widely-known design of symmetry and balance has great significance to the Islamic idea of el tawhid demonstrating harmony and unity. One of the major reasons, I believe so is because it uses all of the forms and styles I have previously stated above such as symmetry, repetition and geometry. One major aspect that needs to be explained in many of the Islamic designs is the use of the number eight; in the number of sides, points of a star and so forth. This number is used in many of the Islamic designs especially where octagons can be found. The Breath of the Compassionate is a great example to look at while discussing the deep meaning behind the number eight. The number eight holds different meanings to many cultures as well as to diverse religions. First and foremost, eight symbolizes eternity and absolute perfection (Schimmel). It is also the number of how many gates Paradise has unlike Hell which has seven only. This shows that Gods mercy is greater than His wrath (Schimmel). The word Compassionate in the phrase the Breath of the Compassionate is derived from the ninety-nine names of God. Compassionate resembles infinity therefore; Islamic designs tend to be repetitive. As a result, I believe that the indirect message behind the phrase the Breath of the Compassionate is Gods creation of the universe. Moreover, it represents His endless compassion towards Muslim followers; which in Arabic is rahma. In conclusion, as Islamic art displays no figural representations and entirely focuses on symmetrical and unified geometrical patterns it carries a deep meaning to it that mostly only Muslims can comprehend. All Islamic art follows the transcendent theory of el tawhid; to inspire Islam followers into believing in the concept of La-illah ila-Allah; meaning one God. To sum up all my points, I believe the unity and balance created in Islamic iconographies demonstrates the creative will of God.

Irony in The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin Essay -- American Literat

In "The Story of an Hour" by Kate Chopin, there are many moments when Chopin's craft of writing feeds the irony of the story. One perfect example, "assure himself of its truth by a second telegram" (772). This sentence subdued me into believing that Mrs. Mallard's husband was dead, when in fact, we learn that he never died. In addition, Mrs. Mallard is a woman with a strong sense of passion and detest. In the end, she dies by the nature of story. Chopin brings a style of writing that has irony. In the beginning of the story, Chopin's introduces you to the heart trouble that afflicts Mrs. Mallard. Her condition is significant later because this ailment drives the story. However, the notion of this heart condition can be overlooked as being meaningless. Many readers could argue that this heart condition foreshadowed the climax of the story instantaneously but it does not. In the end of the story, we realize the significance of her sickness. It was a clever way to secretly introduce the weakness that ends Mrs. Mallard's life. Another, well deceptive measure used by Chopin'...

A Grain of Wheat by Ngugi wa Thiong’o

This work of art is set in pre-independent Kenya as the struggle between the colonizers and the Africans escalate. It gives a clear picture of colonial Kenya as it were and as the Africans tried to resist British rule through the Mau Mau guerillas.A Grain of Wheat by Ngugi wa Thiong’o is a novel that illustrates the people of Kenya and each of their personal journeys as they all struggled for independence through the use of a few characters.   According to Nadine Gordimer, ‘it is an extremely interesting piece of work because it brings a new theme to African literature-the effects on a people of the changes brought about in themselves by the demands of a bloody and bitter struggle for independence’ p 226Mugo is depicted in the novel as one of the major characters. He is seen as an introvert and mostly keeps to himself. In the British reserve camps where the Africans lived and worked. He is seen as a hero as he led a hunger strike and came to the defence of a pre gnant woman who was to be beaten to death by a village guard. Ironically Mugo is the one who betrayed Kihika to the British and because of this, he is now the introvert he is and broods a lot.Apparently Mugo is also jealous of Kihika; this is evident when he thinks to himself ‘what right has such a boy †¦to talk like that? What arrogance?†¦I hate him, he heard himself say’. He resents Kihika that he should be able to command such respect from everyone as he does, including his elders who all listen when he talks. ‘their eyes were fixed on Kihika; their lives seemed dependent on his falling words.Kihika who is undoubtedly the hero in the novel is portrayed as a martyr. This is because he is seen to sacrifice himself for the good of the country. On the other hand, he alludes himself to Christ in the sense that he died for the good of the people. ‘Watch ye and pray†¦calling on his audience to remember the great Swahili proverb kikulacho kiko nguo ni mwako. Meaning, those who betray you are usually your closest allies. This further alludes to him as Jesus and Mugo as Judas Iscariot.Mumbi is Kihika’s sister and Gikonyo’s wife. She is said to be the most beautiful woman in the area. Although not voluntary, she betrays her husband with his rival Karanja when he forces her to sleep with him. This causes great resentment from her husband when he returns from prison. Mumbi sees herself as the biblical Ester in trying to bring in justice for the people.Karanja although an African, is a collaborator. In this sense, he betrays his people by siding with the white man and betraying his people. He is suspected by the people as being the one who sold out Kihika but ironically it wasn’t him. He is jealous of   gikonyo but at the same time refuses to consider him a serious rival for Mumbi.

Anti War Movement And Impacts On Vietnam War History Essay

Of all the major wars in which the United States was involved, none have been more controversial than the war in Vietnam. The Vietnam War, a diplomatic attempt by the United States, split the state in half. It was a war surrounded by contention and guess with engagement non merely from authorities functionaries but from amusement personalities every bit good as legion mass presentations on college campuses across the state. With the aid of these mass presentations, the backdown of American military personnels would go on even before the war in Vietnam was over and a presidential dirt would finally come up assisting a rapid remotion of military personnels from Vietnam. From the Gulf of Tonkin incident to the slaughter at My Lai and the shots at Kent State University, it would go a war which could non easy be forgotten. History shows that Vietnam was non a fledgling to war and in fact had been engaged in some kind of struggle dating as far back as 200 B.C. when it was invaded by the Hans from China. Ruled for 100s of old ages, the Vietnamese eventually achieved what they thought would be their independency. However, this did non stop the feuds and struggles in the state and Vietnam would see itself once more contending encroachers from China every bit good as Mongolia. In the early nineteenth century, Vietnam was eventually able to throw out all encroachers and get down a new dynasty. The new dynasty, known as the Nguyen Dynasty, would see itself overtaken by Gallic encroachers who would finally colonise Vietnam and command the full state. However in 1930, after being colonized by the Gallic for about 50 old ages, the Vietnamese Communist Party was founded. The Vietnamese so began to arise against the Gallic every bit good the Japanese, who besides occupied Vietnam during WWII, under the leading of Nguyen Ai Quoc ( subsequently known as Ho Chi Minh ) . Finally in 1954, after about two and a half decennaries of contending against the Gallic, the Vietnamese were able to throw out the Gallic in the well known conflict at Dien Bien Phu. As a consequence of their triumph at Dien Bien Phu and the Geneva Agreement on Vietnam, the state was split into two parts at the 17th analogue. This splitting of the state was supposed to be impermanent and elections were to be held in 1956 to reunite Vietnam ( Vietnamese Embassy in USA, n.d. ) . The elections set for 1956 ne'er happened. Supported by the United States, South Vietnamese president Ngo Dinh Diem, in an effort to derive independency and go its ain state, refused to let the elections to be carried through as he knew that Ho Chi Minh would win the presidential term, something that Ngo and the United States decidedly did n't desire to go on. Because of Ngo ‘s refusal to travel through with the elections, which did n't run into the footings of the Geneva Agreement, the North Vietnamese lost trust in any signifier of diplomatic solution to the division of the state. As a consequence, President Eisenhower began directing â€Å" military advisors † to South Vietnam under the justification of the â€Å" Domino consequence † or the â€Å" loss of an ally in Southeast Asia taking to the loss of others † ( Into the morass, 2007, para 5 ) . President Eisenhower ‘s end was to assist South Vietnam retain its independency which would go another ground for American engagement in Vietnam. One twelvemonth after the Vietnamese elections were supposed to go on, Ngo ‘s authorities came under onslaught from South Vietnamese â€Å" Rebels † known as the Viet Cong. Then, in 1959, Hanoi granted permission for an armed opposition against Ngo ‘s authorities in Saigon ( Mitz, 2007 ) . Initially, the United States paid small attending to Ngo ‘s misdirection of the war. However, they did notice confrontations between Ngo, who was Catholic, and Buddhist leaders in Vietnam. This led to a military putsch encouraged by the United States which ousted Ngo from power in 1963. The putsch led to internal combat and treachery among South Vietnamese military functionaries. In 1964 General Nguyen Khanh, taking Ngo ‘s place, became the leader of South Vietnam. During that same twelvemonth, it was realized that the Viet Cong were winning the war as they were going more and more capable of managing ARVN ( Army of the Republic of Viet Nam ) forces. It was at this clip that the United States contemplated taking serious military enterprise against the North ( Moise, 1996 ) . During 1964, several preparation plans were installed in South Vietnam which was chiefly amphibian war tactic preparation. Actually get downing in 1961, the preparation became more aimed toward aquatic preparation which the United States thought would be good in the war against the Communist North. A base was setup at My Khe in 1962 where â€Å" busting parties † were given preparation by Navy SEALs. The different types of developing given to the raiding parties included â€Å" gum elastic boat, aqualung, cross-beach operations, and explosive destruction techniques † all of which were carried out at My Khe Beach on the eastern seashore of the Tien Sha Peninsula. During these preparation operations, several onslaughts on high precedence marks in the North were unsuccessful with several ARVN work forces being captured ( Moise, 1996 ) . During the early portion of 1964, it was decided that RVN Navy officers were unable to transport out any kind of intelligent program and U.S. advisers had to be installed in all grades of military where intelligence was needed. There were legion foraies on North Vietnam from February to July by the American trained RVN â€Å" frog work forces † . However, these foraies amounted to nil more than monolithic losingss for South Vietnamese forces. ( Moise, 1996 ) . Later that twelvemonth on August 2, studies were made of onslaughts on U.S. Navy vass off the seashore of northern Vietnam by usage of North Vietnamese gunman boats. These boats were said to hold attacked the USS Maddox but were merely able to hit it with one slug. The Maddox opened fire and there were onslaughts on these gunmans boats by aircraft from the aircraft bearer Ticonderoga. One of the boats was said to hold sunk and the other to hold been earnestly â€Å" damaged † . Shortly subsequently, the Maddox con tinued its patrol along the North Vietnam coastline accompanied by another destroyer, the USS C. Turner Joy. Once once more, on August 4, as the destroyers were on patrol, gunman boats made attempted another onslaught. These torpedo boats followed behind the destroyers and so moved in at full velocity assailing both vass. The destroyers fought back and when the combat had stopped, sometime after midnight, the three gunman boats were believed to hold been done for or damaged. The destroyers, nevertheless, came out unhurt ( Schlight, 1996 ) . These onslaughts were carried out within merely a few yearss of air foraies on North Vietnamese marks non far from where the destroyers were positioned. However, the onslaughts on these destroyers were considered â€Å" motiveless † and hence led the president at that clip, Lyndon B. Johnson, to show the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution to Congress. It passed through the Senate and the House of Representatives with merely two members of the Senate disagreeing. This declaration gave Johnson the power to officially get down â€Å" combat operations † throughout Southeast Asia whenever he felt necessary. It was believed that this declaration would be used in defence of aggression against the United States. Congress hence had no ground to believe that President Johnson would of all time utilize the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution to intensify the war in Vietnam ( Moise, 1996 ) . However, there were conflicting studies from the naval vass as to what truly happened with most of the information being extremely exaggerated. Dayss after the onslaughts, initiated by the conflicting studies, Johnson began holding uncertainties which he expressed to George Ball, the Undersecretary of State. Although he had uncertainties after the onslaughts, no grounds can be found of these uncertainties on August 4th when President Johnson gave orders for revenge against North Vietnamese forces. False onslaughts or non, Johnson would decidedly hold force per unit area on him to move as he had been runing for the approaching elections. The events of August 4th and 6th every bit good as a separate onslaught in September in the Gulf of Tonkin together with President Johnson ‘s initial reaction and his inquiring of the credibleness of the onslaughts made the incident one of the precursors of contention that enveloped the United States ‘ engagement in Vietnam ( Moise, 1996 ) . Adding to the contention of the Gulf of Tonkin incident, new information was released with grounds that the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was â€Å" drafted † at least six months before the existent onslaughts on United States military â€Å" vass † . Other information was released which brought to illume the United States ‘ aid of South Vietnamese military foraies on the North. This was said to hold â€Å" provoked † the onslaughts by the North on United States â€Å" vass † . There was besides grounds of Johnson ‘s hyperbole of the existent harm to the ships, which really were non harmed ( Moise, 1996 ) . Another turning point in the Vietnam War merely a few old ages subsequently was the Tet Offensive of 1968. Initiated on January 21, the Tet Offensive began with Communist military personnels enfolding Khe San, a United States Marine base, for a sum of 77 yearss. On January 31st, as a portion of the Tet Offensive, North Vietnamese and Viet Cong military personnels attacked metropoliss and towns throughout South Vietnam assailing a sum of 36 â€Å" provincial capitals † , five â€Å" major metropoliss † , 64 â€Å" territory capitals † , and near to fifty â€Å" crossroadss † . The force with which the offense was carried out aghast President Johnson every bit good as American citizens go forthing Americans with small religion that any promotion had been made in Vietnam under President Johnson ‘s war policy ( Willbanks, 2007 ) . Get downing in 1965, the United States began directing more and more military personnels to Vietnam. These military personnels were actively involved in operations carried out on the Viet Cong with hopes that the enemy would merely give up. The first of these major operations happened in November 1965. The concluding behind these operations was to seek to interrupt down the ground forcess by wounding or killing a huge figure of Viet Cong and North Vietnamese military personnels. However, Hanoi took the enterprise to direct more military personnels down with which the United States answered by a bomb onslaught along the Ho Chi Minh Trail and other known Viet Cong constitutions. As 1968 was pulling nearer, it was obvious the bombardment along the Ho Chi Minh Trail had about no consequence on the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese Army and war in the South was acquiring worse twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. By late 1967 readyings for the Tet Offensive had already begun which wou ld take up to the huge combat that would last until fall of the undermentioned twelvemonth ( Willbanks, 2007 ) . Early 1968 saw North Vietnamese forces begin violative onslaughts on countries environing Khe San and the North Vietnamese Army began to increase its Numberss in that part. For American war functionaries, this would be the type of combat that would certainly alter the result of the war in favour of the United States. With North Vietnamese forces being forced to contend in a combat type offensive instead than the usual guerrilla war tactics, General Westmoreland saw this as the chance needed to weaken and destruct North Vietnamese forces. In fact, it was believed that the war had already begun to take a bend in favour of the United States. The Viet Cong had been dealt serious blows which accounted for a big sum of casualties. Because of these casualties there was incredulity that America would non win the war, particularly with the type of advanced engineering being used. There was besides disbelief that North Vietnamese forces were still capable of holding a strong military due to th e figure of casualties the North had incurred in the old two old ages. This left Westmoreland unprepared for the onslaughts that would shortly get down on American bases and metropoliss in South Vietnam ( Willbanks, 2007 ) . Westmoreland was certain the conflict would be at Khe San and would be after Tet as he did n't believe North Vietnamese forces would assail on such a major vacation. Even holding information that an offense was on the rise and propaganda about an onslaught during the Tet vacation, Westmoreland was still unconvinced. To Westmoreland ‘s surprises, every bit good as that of American and South Vietnamese military personnels, North Vietnamese forces began their onslaughts. The Tet Offensive, which began January 31st, would last for 77 yearss with heavy contending throughout South Vietnam. With more and more intelligence being broadcast at place in respects to the combat and the figure of casualties incurred by American forces, Americans were losing religion in the authorities. However, at the terminal of the Tet Offensive, Westmoreland had credited it as a triumph for American forces. Americans back place could n't understand the construct of a triumph with so many casualties incurr ed by American and Allied forces particularly when it seemed that North Vietnam had a ne'er stoping supply of man-power. This led to American ‘s belief that the authorities had been lying the full clip about the advancement in Vietnam ( Willbanks, 2007 ) . The Tet Offensive led to half of American citizenss being wholly against any escalations in Vietnam whatsoever. This resistance led to many protests which became known as the Anti-War Movement. Resistance to the war in Vietnam was merely intensified after the Tet Offensive and intelligence of the sum of casualties America had suffered. Many of these protests became violent taking to a few really important events in the Anti-War Movement. In March 1968, New York University pupils protested the presence of recruiters from napalm maker Dow Chemical Company, which supplied the United States military with napalm which was used in Vietnam, every bit good as military recruiters on campus. A month subsequently, the beginning of the escalation of the Anti-War Movement had begun when pupils at Columbia University took over an disposal edifice doing Columbia University to be closed. The business of the disposal edifice escalated into a surety state of affairs with a few school functionaries bei ng held for at least 24 hours. The pupils were removed from the edifice by utilizing constabularies force which would non be the last clip constabularies used force to command anti-war protestors. That same twelvemonth during the Democratic Convention in Chicago protestors and constabulary forces would once more run into with constabulary forces utilizing beastly force to command the protests. To do the state of affairs even worse, the constabulary did non let telecasting Stationss to be in the locality of the Democratic Convention for fear the newsmans would impede the exiting of the Democratic campaigners ( Barringer, 1999 ) should the demand arise. Though protests began in 1963, the two old mentioned protests would be the accelerators that really set the Anti-War Movement on the way that would finally see the motion holding casualties. Just a twosome of old ages after the protests in New York and Chicago, the lives of several pupils would be taken in 1970 after information became public refering a monolithic American military cover-up in which American forces in several little crossroadss in South Vietnam massacred 100s of unarmed Vietnamese civilians in a hunt for Viet Cong military personnels ; largely adult females, kids, and older work forces. This would go known as the My Lai Massacre and it sparked monolithic protests across the state. ( Barringer, 1999 ) . Richard M. Nixon would subsequently be elected as president of the United States with promises of an terminal to the war in Vietnam, something which the American populace had been hankering to hear. Surprisingly, in April 1970, President Nixon made the determination to occupy Cambodia in order to assail Viet Cong campsites which had been used as a hideaway. With anti-war sentiments already being strong across the state as a consequence of America ‘s continued engagement in Vietnam, non to advert the slaughter at My Lai, the invasion of Cambodia would merely add more fuel to these sentiments making more animus from anti-war protestors towards the American engagement in Vietnam. In May 1970, amid studies of President Nixon ‘s determination to occupy Cambodia, pupils held big protests and sit-ins on college campuses throughout the United States. Death finally would go a portion of the Vietnam War non merely in Vietnam but in the United States every bit good. On May 4th, afte r a declaration of a province of exigency in Kent, Ohio by the city manager a few yearss before, the Ohio National Guard fired upon protestors at Kent University with a few people being killed, including two non-protestors, and several others being wounded. ( Lewis & A ; Hensley, 1998 ) . All these major events, from the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution to the Kent State shots, would do the Anti-War Movement against American engagement in Vietnam one of the most exultant anti-war motions in the history of all United States anti-war motions. The protests and the figure of casualties in Vietnam would play a important function in the backdown of American military personnels from Vietnam. During Johnson ‘s presidential term, the anti-war motion had a momentous function in haltering the war and had a big impact â€Å" in the disposal ‘s policy reversal in 1968 † . Subsequently, at the clip of Nixon ‘s presidential term, the anti-war protests accelerated the detachment of U.S. military personnels, continued to halter the war, harbored the decline of U.S. troop â€Å" morale and subject † , which helped to rush up troop backdown, and led to statute law which would cut off support of the war from the United States. The Anti-War Movement besides harbor ed indicants of the Watergate dirt, which played a major function in seting an terminal to the war by enfeebling Nixon ‘s power in Congress hence enfeebling his â€Å" ability to go on the war † . The United States would see the backdown of the last active combat military personnels from Vietnam in 1973 ( Wells, 1999 ) .